COMMAND.COM

COMMAND.COM is the Command Interpreter for MS-DOS and Windows 9x. It is the first program run after boot in most versions of MS-DOS, hence being responsible for setting up the system by running the AUTOEXEC.BAT configuration file, and being the ancestor of all processes.

In Windows NT

COMMAND.COMis no longer the default command interpreter in Windows NT. CMD.EXE was introduced to perform similar tasks although COMMAND.COM is still available as a part of NTVDM (NT Virtual DOS Machine) for compatibility with 16-bit DOS application in 32-bit versions of Windows NT. COMMAND.COM in Windows NT reports MS-DOS 5.00.

If COMMAND.COM is run on a 32-bit Windows NT-based system, the startup notice reads Microsoft(R) Windows DOS, while CMD.EXE reports the Windows version. In addition, the copyright on the COMMAND.COM notice always reads 1990–2001 on Windows Vista and newer.

Internal commands

COMMAND.COM features internal commands which are commands stored directly inside the COMMAND.COM binary. Thus, they are always available.

All commands are executed after the ENTER key is pressed at the end of the line. COMMAND.COM is not case-sensitive, meaning commands can be typed in any mixture of upper and lower case.

The following list includes all internal commands from the entire MS-DOS history (including version 7.00, 7.10 and 8.00), thus some might only be available in specific version of MS-DOS.

BREAK

Controls the handling of program interruption with Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Break.

CHCP

Displays or changes the current system code page.

CHDIR or CD

Changes the current working directory or displays the current directory.

CLS

Clears the screen.

COPY

Copies one file to another.

CTTY

Defines the device to use for input and output.

DATE

Display and set the date of the system.

DEL or ERASE

Deletes a file. When used on a directory, deletes all files inside the directory only. External command DELTREE deletes all sub-directories and files inside a directory as well as the directory itself.

DIR

Lists the files in the specified directory.

ECHO

Toggles whether text is displayed (ECHO ON) or not (ECHO OFF). Also displays text on the screen (ECHO text).

EXIT

Exits from COMMAND.COM and returns to the program which launched it.

LFNFOR

Enables or disables the return of long filenames by the FOR command.

LOADHIGH or LH

Loads a program into upper memory.

LOCK

Enables external programs to perform low-level disk access to a volume.

MKDIR or MD

Creates a new directory.

PATH

Displays or changes the value of the PATH environment variable which controls the places where COMMAND.COM will search for executable files.

PROMPT

Displays or change the value of the PROMPT environment variable which controls the appearance of the prompt.

RENAME or REN

Renames a file or directory.

RMDIR or RD

Removes an empty directory.

SET

Sets the value of an environment variable; without arguments, shows all defined environment variables.

TIME

Display and set the time of the system.

TRUENAME

Display the fully expanded physical name of a file, resolving ASSIGN, JOIN and SUBST logical filesystem mappings.

TYPE

Display the content of a file on the console.

UNLOCK

Disables low-level disk access.

VER

Displays the version of the operating system.

VERIFY

Enable or disable verification of writing for files.

VOL

Shows information about a volume.

Batch file commands

Control structures are mostly used inside batch files, although they can also be used interactively.

:label

Defines a target for GOTO.

CALL

Executes another batch file and returns to the old one and continues.

FOR

Iteration: repeats a command for each out of a specified set of files.

GOTO

Moves execution to a specified label. Labels are specified at the beginning of a line, with a colon (:label).

IF

Conditional statement, allows branching of the program execution.

PAUSE

Halts execution of the program and displays a message asking the user to press any key to continue.

REM

Comment: any text following this command on the same line is ignored.

SHIFT

Replaces each of the replacement parameters with the subsequent one (e.g. %0 with %1, %1 with %2, etc.).

Gallery

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  COMMAND.COM as seen in MS-DOS 2.11

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  COMMAND.COM as seen in MS-DOS 3.00

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  COMMAND.COM as seen in the latest version of MS-DOS