User:BF10/Sandbox/3

This guide lists how to generally install Windows versions. This guide only provides instructions for installing Windows on a new hard drive that doesn't have partitions; this guide does not provide instructions for creating a proper virtual machine configuration for Windows. For these configurations, see Draft:Recommended VM configurations.

Overview
These early versions of Windows are not their own standalone operating system; they run under DOS as an "operating environment" shell interface. As a result, they require MS-DOS to be installed in order to be installed on top of MS-DOS. No version of early DOS-based Windows have bootable installation media. This applies to Windows 1.0 up to Windows 3.1x.

In order to install these versions, you need to have a copy of MS-DOS. The version that you can use is up to your desire, but note that:
 * No version of Windows is compatible with MS-DOS 1.x.
 * Windows 1.0 requires at least MS-DOS 2.00.
 * Windows 2.x requires at least MS-DOS 3.00.
 * Windows/386 should be installed in a MS-DOS version below 5.0, as the high memory driver in MS-DOS 5.0 conflicts with the one loaded in Windows/386, resulting in Windows can only boot in real mode (via  instead of  ).
 * Windows 3.0 and Windows 3.1x requires at least MS-DOS 3.10.
 * Windows for Workgroups 3.1x requires at least MS-DOS 3.30.
 * It is recommended to use a MS-DOS version below 4.0 for Windows 1.0 and Windows 2.x (see "Early DOS-based Windows - "Incorrect DOS version" on DOS 5 or later" section below). Otherwise, MS-DOS 6.22 should run all versions just fine.

Install your desired MS-DOS version (using  and   to partition and format a hard drive and   to copy the system files if you're installing an earlier version of MS-DOS). Once you boot to the hard drive, insert the Windows installation floppy disk to a floppy drive, change the drive in MS-DOS to that floppy drive, and run. Be sure to eject the floppy drive once you have finished installing Windows.

Windows 3.0 MME comes in CD-ROM media, but again isn't bootable and requires a CD-ROM driver in MS-DOS to be installed. The setup in these versions are located in the  directory of the installation media.

Instructions
This guide will be split into two sections to reduce problems present in earlier version of Windows. Some quirks specific to certain versions are also listed in the instructions. It is recommended that if you want to emulate these versions that you use the configurations provided in the Recommended VM configurations guide.

Windows 3.x
This guide presumes you are installing Windows 3.11 for Workgroups on top of MS-DOS 6.22, but this will also work for earlier versions of MS-DOS and Windows 3.x, including Windows 3.0.

Prerequisites
See the version page of the version you're installing for additional information regarding system requirements and hardware compatibility.
 * MS-DOS installation diskettes, preferably MS-DOS 6.22
 * Windows installation diskettes
 * Installation CD-ROM media (if installing Windows 3.0 MME)
 * Floppy disk with MSCDEX 2.23 (MS-DOS CD-ROM driver) installer (if installing Windows 3.0 MME)

Procedures

 * Installing MS-DOS
 * 1) Insert the first MS-DOS installation disk into the floppy drive. If the drive isn't partitioned and formatted yet, setup should likely detect that and request to create a new partition that will be formatted upon reboot. If setup doesn't provide you that option, you should initiate the drive via   and
 * 2) Upon reboot, you may be requested to provide additional information for the configuration of MS-DOS. Leave these as the default options and setup should begin copying files.
 * 3) When requested to change the floppy drive, insert the correct diskettes onto the floppy drive and press Enter.
 * 4) When you reach the end of setup, remove the floppy disk and reboot the computer to start MS-DOS.
 * Installing Windows
 * 1) Windows 3.0 MME only: After MS-DOS has booted, insert the MSCDEX disk into the floppy drive and change the current directory to that drive (usually A:). Run the setup executable for the CD-ROM driver and install it. Remove the floppy disk, and restart the computer to load the CD-ROM driver.
 * 2) While in MS-DOS, insert the first Windows installation disk into the floppy drive and change the current directory to that drive (usually A:, or D: if installing Windows 3.0 MME).
 * 3) Run   (or   then   for Windows 3.0 MME).
 * 4) Setup should start and you will see the welcome screen on a blue text-only screen.
 * 5) Unless you need to change specific features, press Enter to accept the default options for every screen until you reach the file copying portion of text setup. Use the Express Setup if requested on Windows 3.1.
 * 6) When you reach the file copying portion, change the floppy disk as necessary and press Enter after doing so.
 * 7) Windows will eventually load a graphical user interface for the second portion of setup. It will prompt for a name and organization name.
 * 8) Again, unless there is a need to change specific features, accept the default options for everything on forward and click Continue as prompted with the exceptions of the following:
 * 9) * Windows 3.1x: Enter the name and organization on the first prompt of setup. Windows for Workgroups 3.1x may also prompt for a product number, but this isn't required.
 * 10) * All versions: Uncheck "Set up printers" unless you have an installed printer (like the Generic Text Printer from 86Box).
 * 11) * Windows 3.0: Uncheck "Read On-line documents" unless you really need to read the readme file on the installation disk.
 * 12) * Windows 3.1x: Uncheck "Set Up Only Windows Components You Select" unless you really need to remove components.
 * 13) * Windows for Workgroups 3.1x: Network Setup. You want to install the correct adapter based on your configuration, alongside the TCP/IP protocol and Microsoft Windows Network. If you're on 86Box, be sure to set the addresses as described here. If you set it up correctly, it should prompt to enter a network username, workgroup, and computer name. Enter those and press OK.
 * 14) * All versions: Set Up Applications. Let setup search the hard drive (usually C:), then click "Add All" then OK.
 * 15) * Windows 3.1x: Skip the tutorial unless you really want to run it.
 * 16) As Windows copy files again, change the floppy disk when requested and press OK.
 * 17) At the Exit Windows Setup screen, remove the floppy disk from the drive and press "Reboot".
 * 18) When MS-DOS loads, run   to load into Windows and log in to the system if you're on Windows for Workgroups 3.1x.

Overview
Windows 9x (Windows 95, Windows Nashville, Windows 98, and Windows Me) are now standalone operating systems, and thus can be installed without an existing version of MS-DOS before installation. However, many of the installation CD-ROMs are still not bootable; most retail versions aren't bootable and bootable versions were usually exclusive to OEMs.

If the installation media cannot be booted into, you must use a Windows boot disk to install Windows from there. A Windows 98 Second Edition boot disk is recommended. Initiate a drive using  and , then change to the drive of the installation media (usually   or  ). If  isn't in the root directory of the drive, try checking for any of these directories, which may have  :
 * (Chicago builds)
 * (Windows 95 and Nashville)
 * (Windows 98)
 * (Memphis/Millennium builds and Windows Me)
 * (Windows Me)

To start setup, run. The  switch will ignore ScanDisk and instantly start setup, but you can remove the switch if desired.

If you load  and it gives a notice about enabling large disk support (FAT32), what you have to respond will depend on the version of Windows to install. If you are installing any version of Windows 95 before OEM Service Release 2 or Windows Nashville, you must not enable large disk support, as these versions are not compatible with FAT32 and their installers will be unable to find the hard drive. Otherwise, you should enable large disk support to use more than 2 GB of hard drive space on Windows (see "Earlier versions of Windows - partition size limited to 2 GB" section below).

Instructions
This guide presumes you are installing Windows 98 Second Edition, but most of these procedures will work for other Windows 9x versions, including Windows 95 and Windows Me. Some quirks specific to certain versions are also listed in the instructions. It is recommended that if you want to emulate these versions that you use the configurations provided in the Recommended VM configurations guide.

Prerequisites
See the version page of the version you're installing for additional information regarding system requirements and hardware compatibility.
 * A Windows boot disk, preferably from Windows 98 Second Edition
 * Installation CD-ROM media (floppy disk installation is also possible for Windows 95 and the original release of Windows 98, but will be slow)

Procedures

 * 1) Insert the Windows boot disk into the floppy drive. If the drive isn't partitioned and formatted yet, you should initiate it via   and
 * 2) * You may be able to boot directly from certain OEM versions of the installation media, but it's nonetheless recommended to use a boot disk.
 * 3) Recommended for non-SCSI or non-early ATAPI CD-ROM drives for Windows 95: Copy the contents of the installation media onto the hard drive. Change the current drive to the hard drive (usually C: - just type the name of the drive to change the current drive) and run   and then   (if the hard drive is C: and the CD-ROM drive is E:, run  )
 * 4) Change the current drive to the CD-ROM drive (this is usually the E: or D:).
 * 5) Try to run   in the current directory. If you get "Bad command or file name", try to change the current directory (ex:  ) to one of the listed directories in the overview (or run   to find the correct directory) then run.
 * 6) Setup should start and you will see the welcome screen.
 * 7) Unless you need to change specific features, click Next or Yes on the screens you see except for the following:
 * 8) * All versions: Setup Options. For a full installation, do not select the default "Typical" option. Instead, select Custom, and choose every optional component to install. For the most part, you should choose every option except for the modem-related software and Web TV for Windows.
 * 9) * All versions: User Information. Enter the name and organization here.
 * 10) * All versions: Product Key. Enter the product key here.
 * 11) * All versions: Startup Disk. On Windows 95, select "No, I don't want a startup disk". On Windows 98 and Me, click Next on the first prompt, and click Cancel when it requests to insert and label a floppy.
 * 12) * Windows 95: Analyzing Your Computer. Select all options in the list and click Next.
 * 13) * Windows Me: Establishing Your Time Zone. Normally placed at the end of setup on Windows 95 and 98, select your desired time zone and click Next.
 * 14) If you have selected Custom installation, you may also be given the option to configure the network card and additional hardware settings. Make sure you know the adapter's addresses and IRQ during the setup to configure the network card. Most of the time, you should also remove the Dial-Up Adapter as well.
 * 15) When setup states that it is ready to copy files, remove the boot disk from the floppy drive and click Next.
 * 16) Wait for the reboot prompt for Windows 95 or the final stage of setup for Windows 98. It will give a prompt to restart the computer or select a time zone. Select Finish for the reboot prompt, and select the desired time zone and click Apply and OK for the time zone applet.
 * 17) Windows 95 only: When prompted to set up a printer, click Cancel unless you have an installed printer (like the Generic Text Printer from 86Box).
 * 18) Setup will prompt to reboot the computer for the final time. Let the computer restart, and log in to the system.

Overview
Earlier versions of Windows NT were intended to boot into setup using three setup boot floppies, which copies drivers and loads information files from these floppies. This prominently applies to versions before Windows NT 4.0, although boot disks were available as a legacy setup option until Windows 2000. Windows NT 3.5 offers an option to copy the setup files to the hard drive, which should be used on builds without a bootable installation media or those that bugcheck when booting from it. As of Windows NT 4.0, the installation CD-ROM media can be booted from directly, and is the recommended installation method.

On Windows NT 3.1, you must use the first boot floppy to start setup and follow the instructions as setup states. Alternatively, use a Windows boot disk (recommended is a Windows 98 SE boot disk), initiate a drive (using  and  ), and run setup via   in the   directory of the installation media (in most cases, you should also run   to allow direct disk access to the hard drive for Windows NT Setup, otherwise setup can exit with "Windows has disabled direct disk access to protect your long filenames" error message and halt the system). This secondary method will still require three setup boot floppy disks to be formatted and created by setup. On Windows NT 3.5 build 756 and above, you can run  instead to copy the setup files to the hard drive, which is usually more successful. On Windows NT 4.0 and above, you should boot directly to the installation media, unless booting to it fails (see "My ISO won't boot" section above).

It is imperative that you do not restart during the GUI portion of setup before setup is complete on Windows NT 3.x or early Windows NT 4.0 builds. If you do, setup will not reload, giving you a bricked system with the error "The system is not fully installed. Please run setup again."

Do note that FAT32 isn't supported by default on Windows NT until Windows 2000. If prompted to enable large disk support (FAT32) on  on a Windows boot disk, it should be disabled if you're installing Windows NT 4.0 or earlier.