Windows 7

Windows 7 is an operating system developed by Microsoft. It is intended to fix many of the issues users perceived with Windows Vista. Windows 7 has NT kernel version 6.1, making it a minor update to Windows Vista. Windows 7 improved performance on older hardware, while also improving many areas of the Aero user interface. It is one of Microsoft's most popular operating systems, running on 16.78% percent of desktop and laptop computers as of January 2021, and prior to December 2017, more than Windows 10.

It replaces Windows Vista and was replaced by Windows 8. Mainstream support ended on 13 January 2015, while free extended support ended on 14 January 2020. For Professional and Enterprise users, paid extended support will end on 10 January 2023.

A pre-RTM build, 7600.16384, was speculated to be the final version of the product but had a flaw in Internet Explorer 8 which prevented it from shipping.

This is the last version of Windows that supports processors without PAE, SSE2 and NX.

Name
The name "Windows 7" comes from the version number of Windows Vista (6.0) being incremented by one to get 7.0. This was the project's code name and was eventually used as the final name as well.

Common belief is that the previous code names of Windows 7 were Blackcomb and/or Vienna, however, they refer to an earlier project likewise intended to succeed Windows Vista, which was canceled in early 2007 and replaced with the Windows 7 project.

Features
Windows 7 includes few major new features but does include mountains of enhancements over previous Windows releases.

Features added in Windows 7

 * Windows 7 added a Show Desktop button to the far right of the Taskbar (Note: this feature was first introduced in early builds of Windows 98 and Windows 2000, but was removed during development in both cases).
 * Windows 7 introduced Aero Peek, which allows you to "peek" at your desktop without actually minimizing your applications.
 * Windows 7 introduced the Superbar, an evolution of the Taskbar.
 * Windows 7 added the ribbon to many of its stock applications, although not to Windows Explorer itself.
 * Windows 7 includes Internet Explorer 8 and Windows Media Player 12 by default.
 * Windows 7 introduced Libraries (Note: this feature was first introduced in Milestone 5-7 of Windows Longhorn, but was removed after the development reset)
 * Windows 7 introduced Devices and Printers, a Control Panel applet for external devices-only.
 * It's now possible to add gadgets all over the desktop, rather than just the sidebar.

Features degraded or removed in Windows 7

 * Windows 7 introduced a simplified version of Windows Explorer, which cut underused features from the operating system. Needless to say, many of those features were sorely missed by those who did use them.
 * The Quick Launch bar was disabled by default in Windows 7 since the Superbar provides that functionality. It can be re-enabled by manually creating a "Quick Launch" toolbar, in the folder.
 * The classic style start menu was completely removed; the reason for this is probably the feature was removed because users become accustomed with the Windows XP Luna/Windows Aero start menu, so the classic start menu became useless.
 * The Windows Sidebar was degraded in favor of desktop gadgets (it still runs on sidebar.exe).
 * Floating Deskbands were removed.
 * WinSAT's 3D Visuals were removed.
 * FN keys in the On-Screen Keyboard were removed.
 * The deprecation of Windows Ultimate Extras, Windows Meeting Space and Inkball.
 * Photo Gallery, Mail, Calendar and Movie Maker didn't exist in the final version of Windows 7. They all became a part of the Windows Live Essentials suite.

Editions
Windows 7 was shipped in the following SKUs:


 * Starter is a low-end edition available only through OEMs, who usually preinstalled it on netbooks, tablets and cheap laptops. It does not include the Windows Aero theme and doesn't support changing the desktop wallpaper and visual styles. Supports 2 GB of RAM at most and comes in x86 version only.
 * Home Basic is available in emerging markets, such as India, Mexico, Brazil, Russia and others. It includes the Aero theme, but some of its features are disabled. This edition came in x86 and x64 versions.
 * Home Premium is a standard edition aimed at the home customer segment and is most commonly preinstalled on new computers and laptops. It includes the fully featured Aero theme and Windows Media Center.
 * Professional replaced Vista's Business edition and includes all features of Home Premium. It adds the ability to join a domain and other features commonly used in business environment. Supports activation over a KMS server.
 * Ultimate and Enterprise are the top-level editions of Windows 7. The only difference between the two is that Ultimate is available via OEM and retail channels and is activated only by WPA, however, Enterprise is only offered through Software Assurance and support activation over a KMS server. Additional features include MUI support.

All of the above editions are offered in N (Europe) and KN variants without Windows Media Player. An E variant was also planned, which would also remove Internet Explorer, but in the end the variant was not released and the ballot screen was introduced as a replacement to satisfy European Union's demands. Some leaked builds leading up to the RTM are available in this variant.